Causes of Bleeding Gums:
Gingivitis: Gingivitis is the most common cause of bleeding gums. It is a mild form of gum disease characterized by inflammation of the gums due to the accumulation of plaque (a sticky film of bacteria) on teeth. The gums become red, swollen, and may bleed when brushed or flossed.
Poor Dental Hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing can lead to the buildup of plaque and tartar, which irritate the gums and cause them to bleed.
Periodontitis: If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress into a more severe form of gum disease called periodontitis. This condition involves the inflammation and infection of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the bone. Bleeding gums are a common symptom of periodontitis.
Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions and medications can increase the risk of bleeding gums. These include blood disorders, vitamin deficiencies (especially vitamin C and K), and some medications like anticoagulants (blood thinners).
Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes, such as those during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause, can make gums more susceptible to bleeding.
Smoking: Smoking can weaken the immune system and decrease blood flow to the gums, making them more prone to bleeding.
Ill-Fitting Dentures or Dental Appliances: Dentures or dental appliances that don’t fit properly can irritate the gums and lead to bleeding.
Symptoms of Bleeding Gums:
Gums that bleed during brushing or flossing: This is often the first sign of gum problems.
Red, swollen, or tender gums: Inflammation and discomfort are common symptoms of gum disease.
Bad breath: Chronic bad breath (halitosis) can be a sign of gum disease.
Receding gums: Gums may start to pull away from the teeth, creating pockets where bacteria can accumulate.
Loose teeth: As gum disease progresses, it can lead to tooth mobility.
Treatment of Bleeding Gums:
Improved Oral Hygiene: The most important step in treating bleeding gums is maintaining good oral hygiene. Brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss daily to remove plaque and food particles.
Professional Dental Cleaning: Visit your dentist for regular cleanings and check-ups. They can remove tartar and assess the condition of your gums.
Antibacterial Mouthwash: Your dentist may recommend an antimicrobial mouthwash to reduce bacteria in the mouth.
Scaling and Root Planing: For more advanced gum disease (periodontitis), your dentist may perform a deep cleaning procedure called scaling and root planing to remove plaque and tartar from below the gumline.
Medications: In some cases, antibiotics or other medications may be prescribed to control infection and inflammation.
Lifestyle Changes: If smoking is a contributing factor, quitting smoking can significantly improve gum health.
Dietary Changes: A balanced diet with adequate vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin C, can promote healthy gums.
Managing Medical Conditions: If an underlying medical condition or medication is causing bleeding gums, consult your healthcare provider to address the issue.
It’s essential to address bleeding gums promptly to prevent the progression of gum disease, which can lead to tooth loss and have systemic health implications. Regular dental check-ups and maintaining good oral hygiene practices are crucial for preventing and treating bleeding gums.
